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At its height, 70,000 township residents refused to ride the local buses to and from work. The bus boycott lasted from January 1957 to June 1957. Many of the latter had moved from Moroka-Jabavu to Alexandra and had had the experiences of its earlier bus boycotts and other struggles. After two weeks, the boycott was joined by the commuters of Moroka-Jabavu in the south western areas who came out in sympathy. In Pretoria (Tshwane) it covered the Lady Selborne district, as well as other areas, including Atteridgeville, Mamelodi and Ga-Rankuwa. The bus boycott of Alexandra was launched on 7 January 1957 but it was later joined by boycotters from Sophiatown and Newclare in western areas of Johannesburg. A longer boycott took place in 1944, also in Alexandra, lasting seven weeks. They did not take a bus, but instead walked the 9 miles from Alexandra Township to the center of Johannesburg. In 1943, the bus fare increased from 5 cents to 6 cents a new bus boycott took place in August 1943, with Nelson Mandela and tens of thousands of other protesters. In 1940, the first major Alexandra bus boycott was held.

The ANC established a ‘Department of Social Welfare’ to investigate the needs of the increasingly urban population. Protests by the African Peoples Organization (APO) against this Act did not succeed. During this time, the gap between family income did not meet the essential needs because of higher prices of rent, transport and taxes. In 1940, South African authorities passed the Electoral Laws Amendment Act, the law provided for the compulsory registration of White voters only. See also: Bus boycotts in South Africa and Transport and bus boycotts in the United States